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Natural resource discoveries often promise large economic gains, but also impose environmental costs on local populations. I study the impact of the first offshore oil and gas discoveries in Senegal and argue that they represent an environmental curse for coastal fishing communities. Leveraging the plausibly exogenous timing and location of the discoveries as a natural experiment, I employ a difference-in-differences approach, comparing fishing municipalities close to the discovery sites to fishing areas farther away. I find a substantial decline in artisanal fisheries, which is only partially offset by expansions in industrial fishing. This intra-sectoral labor reallocation is driven by a degradation of the coastal marine ecosystem and the establishment of exclusion zones around the extraction infrastructure, which reduce fish stocks and physical access to fishing grounds.