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8% of the global population depends on fisheries for their living, especially in developing countries. I study the impact of the first offshore oil and gas discoveries in Senegal on the fisheries sector. Leveraging the plausibly exogenous timing and location of the discoveries as a natural experiment, I employ a difference-in-differences approach, comparing fishing municipalities close to the discovery sites to fishing areas farther away. The results show a sharp decline in artisanal fishing, offset by growth in industrial fishing. I argue that this shift is driven by a reduction in fish stocks and physical access to fishing grounds in coastal waters, highlighting a case of involuntary structural transformation from artisanal fisheries to industrial activities. At the same time, I find that treated areas experience significant increases in employment rates.